Recent headlines have raised questions about a possible link between semaglutide medications—like Ozempic and Wegovy—and the risk of developing macular degeneration. As more patients turn to these drugs for weight loss or diabetes management, eye care specialists are keeping a close eye on emerging research. At ilumin, our team stays current on developments that may affect your eye health and vision outcomes. In this article, we’ll break down what the data says and what it means for your care. If you’ve started GLP-1 treatment and have concerns about your vision, schedule a consultation with ilumin today.
What does recent research show about semaglutide and macular degeneration?
A new retrospective cohort study conducted in Ontario, Canada found that semaglutide and other GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs may more than double the risk of developing neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Researchers examined data from 139,002 patients aged 66 or older and identified a higher incidence of wet AMD in those exposed to semaglutide compared to unexposed patients. The findings, published in JAMA Ophthalmology, noted a statistically significant association between this class of medication and retinal damage. The longer a patient used the drug, the more their risk appeared to increase. For ilumin’s patients taking semaglutide for diabetes or weight loss, this study raises important considerations about how systemic medications can affect visual health.
Why might GLP-1 medications impact eye health?
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, including semaglutide, are believed to affect blood vessels in the eye, possibly increasing the risk of ischemia in the retina and optic nerve. This could explain why conditions such as anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy have also been reported among patients taking the drug. These issues may arise due to sudden changes in blood sugar level, especially among individuals with poorly controlled diabetes or those experiencing rapid glycemic improvement. Because ilumin treats a wide range of retinal and optic nerve disorders, our ophthalmology team understands how medication-related vascular effects can lead to visual impairment, affect visual perception, and cause long-term consequences for patients already managing chronic conditions.
How common are these eye-related side effects?
While the overall numbers remain low, the relative increase in risk is significant. In the Ontario study, 0.2% of semaglutide users developed neovascular age-related macular degeneration, compared to 0.1% of those not on the medication. Sudden or painless vision loss is rare but serious, and it may occur without warning. The Food and Drug Administration and international regulatory bodies have listed conditions like NAION as possible side effects, urging both patients and physicians to monitor for early signs and symptoms. ilumin encourages proactive screening and early intervention to prevent potential complications from going undetected.
Who is at highest risk for semaglutide-related vision issues?
Patients with type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, or a history of ischemic optic neuropathy may face increased risk when using semaglutide or other GLP-1 drugs. Rapid weight loss or major changes in blood sugar can add to the strain on small blood vessels in the eye. ilumin’s physicians frequently see patients managing complex systemic health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and peripheral neuropathy—all of which may intersect with ocular complications. Our commitment to integrated, personalized care means we evaluate each patient’s full medical diagnosis, not just their immediate vision concern.
Should patients stop taking semaglutide if they have vision symptoms?
Patients should never stop a prescribed drug without guidance from their physician. However, if vision changes occur—especially sudden loss of vision in one eye, blurring, or other unexplained symptoms—immediate evaluation is critical. ilumin offers comprehensive eye examinations that assess the retina, optic nerve, and vascular health of the eye to detect early complications. In collaboration with a patient’s primary care provider or endocrinologist, we help guide decisions about continuing or adjusting medication while protecting long-term eye health.
Are there gaps in the research on semaglutide and vision loss?
The current data is informative but not yet conclusive. The Ontario cohort study did not account for drug dose, route of administration, frequency, or variables like smoking or sunlight exposure. Some studies have even suggested potential protective effects of GLP-1 drugs on the eye, further highlighting the need for continued research. Further large-scale studies, especially in the United States, are needed to clarify whether these findings apply across diverse populations and healthcare systems. As Omaha’s trusted provider of advanced ophthalmology services, ilumin remains closely engaged with the latest clinical trial findings and academic publications.
How can patients protect their eyes while using semaglutide?
Patients taking semaglutide, Ozempic, Wegovy, or other GLP-1 agonists should maintain a routine schedule of eye exams and report any visual changes immediately. Regular screenings are especially important for patients with diabetes, as pre-existing eye disease increases the likelihood of complications. ilumin combines leading-edge imaging technology with compassionate care to monitor for early signs of neovascularization, optic nerve damage, or other drug-related issues. Our team collaborates with referring providers to ensure each patient receives personalized, evidence-based treatment grounded in the most current ophthalmic research.
Your Eyes, Your Health: Partner with ilumin for Total Vision Care
Whether you’re taking a new medication, managing diabetes, or simply want to stay ahead of vision loss, ilumin is here to guide and support your eye health every step of the way. Our team of board-certified ophthalmologists delivers precise, next-generation care in a respectful and nurturing environment. From advanced macular degeneration treatments to monitoring side effects from systemic drugs like semaglutide, ilumin offers a full spectrum of services backed by data, experience, and compassion. If you’re concerned about the impact of semaglutide or other GLP-1 medications on your vision, don’t wait for symptoms to appear. Schedule a consultation with ilumin today and take a proactive step toward preserving your sight and your overall well-being.
Sources:
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/glp-1-ras-linked-doubled-risk-macular-degeneration-2025a1000f7q?ecd=mkm_ret_250707_mscpmrk_ophth_glp1s_etid7541866&uac=390358FV&impID=7541866
https://www.healthline.com/health-news/glp-1-drugs-age-related-macular-degeneration-risk
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/2834964
https://www.ajmc.com/view/semaglutide-linked-to-increased-risk-of-rare-debilitating-eye-condition
https://www.jwatch.org/na58885/2025/06/26/more-evidence-ocular-adverse-events-with-glp-1-receptor
